Natural resources

According to Youremailverifier, Turkey has a number of different mineral resources and is one of the world’s most important chrome ore suppliers (mining mainly near Guleman, Fethiye). In addition, the mining of copper ore and barite is of international importance. Other important mining products are lignite, hard coal, crude oil as well as iron ore, bauxite and borax.

Energy industry

The most important energy sources are natural gas, mostly imported from Russia and Iran (share of total electricity generation in 2014: 47.9%) and coal (30.2%). The dam projects implemented and planned on the Euphrates and Tigris as well as numerous other hydropower plants are intended to utilize the extensive hydropower potential and thus promote the domestic energy sector. Turkey does not yet have a nuclear power plant, but construction of the Akkuyu nuclear power plant in southern Turkey began in 2018, but this is also highly controversial due to the frequency of earthquakes in Turkey.

Industry

Industrialization has made significant progress since the 1960s, so that the manufacturing sector (2017 GDP share: 32.3%; employment share 26.6%) alone accounted for over four-fifths of total goods export revenues. The high proportion of unprofitable state-owned companies has been pushed back by reprivatisation since 1986. The industrial production is concentrated on the Marmara region (metropolitan area Istanbul, Bursa , İzmit , Adapazarı), on individual inner Anatolian centers such as Ankara, Konya, Kayseri, Eskişehir and Karaman, on the Aegean coast with the greater İzmir area and the Çukurova region around Adana , Mersin , Tarsus, Ceyhan and Osmaniye. The dominant sectors are the textile and clothing industry, the food and automotive industry, machine and vehicle construction, and chemicals. The growth industries are the computer industry and consumer electronics. Carpet production, one of the traditional small-scale trades with numerous regional centers, is strongly concentrated in rural areas.

Service sector

The share of the service sector in GDP (2017: 60.7%) has increased steadily in recent years and has achieved the highest growth of all industries, especially in trade and hospitality. Logistics and communications are still important.

Tourism: The tourism sector is one of the most dynamic branches of the economy and an important source of foreign currency. He experienced a crisis in 2016 and 2017 due to the internal political turmoil in Turkey, which resulted in waves of arrests and foreigners were also imprisoned. It was not until 2018 that more and more foreign tourists began to travel to the country. The main reason for this was cheap travel offers. Most of the tourists come from Germany, Russia, Great Britain and Arabia. In addition, the country records a flourishing inland tourism to the seaside resorts and mountain summer freshness, and increasingly also winter tourism in the mountains. The Mediterranean climate, beautiful beaches, beautiful landscapes and ancient ruins are the main attractions.

The most important destinations are the Sea of ​​Marmara with Istanbul and Bursa, the Aegean coast and its hinterland with attractive seaside resorts (including Ayvalık, Çeşme, Kuşadası, Bodrum, Marmaris, Fethiye, Kaş, Finike) and ruins such as Troja , Ephesus , Milet , Priene , Didima, Aphrodisias , Hierapolis (Pamukkale) and Pergamon , as well as the Mediterranean coast between Antalya and Silifke with further seaside resorts on long sandy beaches and with ancient sites in the Taurus Mountains and the offshore coastal plain (including Aspendos , Perge , Selge , Side , Termessos , Phaselis).

Other interesting tourist destinations are the castles and monasteries of the Black Sea area around Trabzon and Northeast Anatolia (Ararat , Lake Van), relics from the Hittite era around Boğazköy / Hattusa as well as numerous places inland with Islamic-oriental relics from the old town, such as Ankara , Konya , Kayseri , Safranbolu , Kastamonu, Sivas, Amasya, Tokat, Erzurum , Diyarbakır , Urfa or Mardin am Tur-Abdin with its churches and monasteries. The main tourist attractions of the inland are, however, the cave churches and cities around Ürgüp and Nevşehir in the tuff cone landscape of Cappadocia.

Transportation

The transport area Turkey is determined by a scattered population, large distances between the economic areas, a long coastline and the location between Europe and the Middle East. The rather wide-meshed network of the railways serves less for passenger traffic than for the transport of bulk goods. Since the 1950s, road transport has become increasingly important compared to rail. Practically every village can be reached via effective and inexpensive long-distance and minibus routes. The most important transit routes for the Europe-Middle East trade route lead from the Greek or Bulgarian border via Istanbul and Ankara to Iran, Syria and Iraq. Of the 67,933 km of road network, less than half (24,082 km) is paved. The motorways are well developed. The pipeline network (14 666 km, 3 293 km of which for crude oil) will be expanded further. Coastal shipping is an important local mode of transport. The most important port cities are Istanbul and İzmir, as well as Mersin, İskenderun, İzmit, Samsun and Trabzon. Inland navigation on rivers or lakes does not matter. Boarding school Airports are in Istanbul, Adana, Ankara, İzmir, Antalya, Gaziantep, Trabzon, Dalaman (near Fethiye) and Milas / Bodrum (Güllük) and for charter traffic in Tuzköy / Gülsehir.